Lulab, Jimz Aaron G. - Written Work 3
21st Century Literature In the Philippines
Essay 3.1. Based on the given articles, identify and discuss the literary forms/elements from the following: (30 points)
The people in the earliest time of the Philippine group of islands used a native syllabary which is a Sanskrit-like inscription, well-known to Tagalogs as “baybayin.” The early Philippine literature was mostly delivered orally such as reciting chants since the literary forms through baybayin back then were lyrical songs, short poems, parts of the epic, proverbs, and riddles. However, a few centuries later by some scholars and Spanish chroniclers, the alphabets were replaced with a Roman alphabet, believed to have erased a great feature of the native Philippine literature.
The literary form bugtong or Tagalog riddle that is called burburtia by the Ilocanos is a created emblem from rhyming and figurative words, which implies the explanations to its answer. An example is the Tagalog riddle, “Buto’t balat lumilipad,” or in English, “Bones and skin are flying,” which describes a kite. Riddles may be passed through well-known and unique forms of poetry, such as ambahan from the Hanunuu Mangyan ethnic group in Mindoro, a one-row, seven-syllable poem, but it may also portray stories in everyday life. It has a similar poetic structure but is a more compact and skilled work, the tanaga, since it has a seven-syllable quatrain and enhanced words used.
The Tagalog ritual or sayings conveys a reflection of the different traditions and beliefs in the community, sawikain or sarsarito in Iloko. The ritual implies the importance of looking back at the origin or giving reflection on the values of the Filipino of having gratitude to those people who contributed to having an abundant life.
The Philippine epics are the early Philippine form of literature that provides excitement due to their enlivening characteristic, wherein every Filipino epic symbolizes or represents the society it comes from. According to the study of ASEAN, there are a hundred existing epics yet discovered, such as the Aliguyon (Hudhud) of the Ifugao, the Biag ni Lam-ang of the Ilocano, the Labaw Donggon or the Sulod epic, the Agyu or Olahing or Ulahingan of the Manobos, the Sandayo of the Subanun, the Bantugan of the Maranao, the Muslim epic or the Darangen, the Kudaman of Palawan, the Alim of the Ifugao, the Hinilawod of Panay, the Ibalon of Bikol and Tuwaang of the Manobo.
But among the early forms, it is the persistent songs or awit in Tagalog that stays, wherein there are speech communities unforgot most vernacular melodies and lyrics of songs. Moreover, according to two priests, Father Colin and Chirino, there were 16 different songs with various purposes, including the melancholic love song or the kundiman; the lullaby uyayi or hele to make a baby fall asleep; the music for travelers or the suliranin; the sailor’s music or the talindaw; the song for war or the kumitang, the music for collection of efforts or the maluway; the ritual that joins with the songs’ rhythm or the dalit; the romance music or the panambitan; the music in asking permission by the soon-to-be groom to the soon-to-be bride or the pamanhikan; and the dance-song of marriage and romance or the subil. In addition, different regions have contributed to the number, the famous love songs or the dallot and the duayya, and the lament music or the dung-aw of Ilocanos from the northern part. A song for harvest or the bagbagto of the people in Bontoc of Mountain Province. And the three folk songs that are famous in the Batanes Islands, the laji, the kanta, and the kalusan.
b. Phil Literature in Spanish Colonial Period
Prior to 1800, the only notable Filipino writers in Spanish were those who wrote religious literature, usually in collaboration with Spanish missionaries. Only in the nineteenth century did the conditions for a culture of literacy emerge, most notably the rise of journalism and a letter-based educational system. There were 541 published books in the Philippines between 1593 and 1800, which drew to the slow development of the Spanish language.
In addition, during the Spanish colonial period wherein colonization and conversion to Christianity, the existing literature of Philippine ethnic groups, such as epidemics, legends, songs, riddles, and sayings, was often spoken orally. The Spanish colonial strategy was to overturn them by replacing the oral traditions of the indigenous people with the Passion of Christ. The Spanish army destroyed all the books it found and made the secretary system obsolete. The only native secretary system to survive is the Mindoro Mannyan syllables and Palawan, Tagbanua. The first printed book in the Philippines was a prayer book written in Spanish with a Tagalog translation. In the 18th century, Spanish secular literature in the form of medieval ballads often dealt with the theme of Christian victory over Islam, thus influencing a native poetry form later called the comedy called Morogoro.
A long, original, folksy depiction of a humanized Tagalog poem based on Christ’s passion, Mahal Na Pasion ni Jesu Christo, is a watershed moment in Philippine literature since it marks the beginning of the end of mythical culture and the transition to a new paradigm.
Pedro Paterno, a Filipino-born illustrator, wrote Ninay, the first Filipino novel in Spanish. The novel sought to highlight the endearingly unique characteristics of Filipinos in the same sentimental style as his first book, Sampaguitas, a collection of poems in Spanish. Despite and because of the invention of printing, metrical regularity and rhyme continued to serve their age-old mnemonic function. Despite foreign influence, poets remained true to their native traditions.
c. Phil Literature in American Period
During the American Period, the Philippines became propelled by impressive inclinations in tradition and the use of English as a means of instruction at all levels of preparation in public schools. The English Philippine literature has a point in describing its focus, not a standard practice within the English language but to be evidence of the artist's practice.
Poems were published in the first series of poetry in English, and from 1909 to 1924, it was edited by many editors, including Rodolfo Dato of Filipino Poetry. But fictionally saying, the length of English externship in literary writing was marked by imitating storytelling style and strict adherence to the masterpiece same as the famous American fictionists' practices. The literary output of primary Filipino novelists in English was accounted for by the combination of writing in an adopted language while living on Filipino customs and traditions throughout the American period.
Throughout the American colonial times, poetry in all languages flourished in every region of the country. And the combination of writing in an adopted language while natives living with Filipino traditions accounted for the literary output of primary Filipino novelists in English, such as the region's poet laureate Leon Pichay is one of the Ilokano writers. Magdalena Jalandoni and Ramon Muzones are Visayan novel writers that focus on love, courtship, and farm life themes. Despite the lack of a critical tradition, English poetry and fiction thrive to be written with sophistication, depth, and insight.
Essay 3.2. Discuss the significant developments of the following periods (30 points)
a. Early Phil. Literature
Proverbs or salawikain, and epics as the important developments in early Philippine literature since the given lessons remain in the heart and minds of most Filipinos and even other nations that have experienced these, the people reflect in their daily lives in these literary forms and traditions. By the studies provided by ASEAN, the majority of the 100 epics yet discovered come from the land of Palawan. Philippine literature was more developed due to these literary forms, simple but meaningful and powerful one that changes the perspective of anyone.
b. Phil Literature in Spanish Colonial Period
There was a significant nationalist propaganda movement led by Filipinos in Europe and the Philippines during the Spanish period. The emergence of the Propaganda Movement sparked a burst of literary activity. The most important figure is Jose Rizal (1861-1896), including Noli Me Tangere (1887) and El Filibusterismo (1891), which are still considered the most important novels written by a Filipino to this day. Marcelo H. Paterno (1858-1911), Pedro Paterno Mariano Ponce del Pilar (1850-1896), Graciano Lopez-Jaena (1856-1896), and del Pilar (1850-1896). (1863- 1918). The leading publication was La Solidaridad (1889-1895), the organ of Spain's Propaganda Movement. Spanish nationalist writings from the nineteenth century were published in this medium. The public authority was interested in expanding places of worship and work forms written in Spanish with Tagalog interpretation during the Spanish Colonial Period. Spanish became altered as a result of the actual liberties that it spread, and its demise resulted in nativism and a golden age of writing within the nearby dialects.
There was a surge in Philippine literary production during the American colonial times in the Philippines, resulting in significant changes in education and culture, including using English as a medium of instruction at all levels of public learning. Public learning played an important role in the development of disseminating learning, such that free public education provides a greater number of Filipinos who now have access to knowledge and information. And to those who received this education in college were able to advance socially and join a large number of educated masses who became members of the country's middle class. This educated class would be the source of lively Philippine literature in English.
Essay 3.3. How have these literary periods shaped our (a) ideological perspectives, (b) societal values, (c) and political views?
The different literary periods are not just exciting but also have fundamentals that put a mark on our lives, such as molding our ideological perspectives, societal values, and political views.
Early periods have shaped our philosophical perspectives by becoming aware of the discoveries and advancements in which our point-of-view evolves due to its artistic forms of literature, such as Filipino epics, songs, and proverbs. As it provides us with history, Filipinos can boost eagerness in seeing the role of Philippine literature in our lives. However, the Spanish colonial period provides enhanced learning in writing sonnets in the language that we are currently learning, the Spanish language. Moreover, in the American period, Filipinos' expectations are greatly evolved, wherein our hearts and minds became wider for accepting what we did not expect to be learned before.
These periods have shaped our cultural characteristics, such as in the Early Philippine Literature, where Filipinos viewed the significance of indigenous things, such as songs, providing us the nature of respect and recognizing the different points of its literary forms. However, in the Spanish period where the spread of the Spanish culture, such as the church practices, continue to be useful now and then in addressing the people. In some cases, during the American times, scholars had the opportunity to express their creative minds through verse, which was one of the most mind-boggling divides in acquiring information.
The diversity and richness of Philippine literature have grown in tandem with the country's history. And it is best appreciated considering the country's pre-colonial cultural traditions and the sociopolitical histories of its colonial and modern traditions. The average Filipino's lack of familiarity with indigenous literature stems from their belief that their country was discovered, and thus Philippine history began in 1521. Because colonialists were so successful in erasing the country's largely oral past, contemporary Filipino writers, artists, and journalists are working to rectify this inequity by recognizing and disseminating the country's wealth of ethnic traditions in schools and the mass media.
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