Naquila, Russel Angelo B. - Written Work 2
Critical Analysis
Frank R. Blake specifically started the passage by introducing the different tribes in the country during the pre-colonial period, specifically the Negritos, Moros and the Christian Tribe. Additionally, throughout the text, the author elaborates the various elements and characteristics such the language used, the format, the content of the different definitely literary works and the particularly literary works of the various tribes in the Philippines, just like the Pagan tribes, Moros, as well as the Christians. Moreover, the author also emphasized the importance of language in Philippine Literature since it plays a vital role on how a particular literary work of becomes pretty unique and literally differs from others in a major way. It was also observable how the author specifically expounded how the literary works evolved over time in the different periods of time since more techniques or approaches were developed as a result of the colonization.
Furthermore, the writers’ purpose is to inform and describe readers about Philippine literature, on how it started, and how it is maintained up to this date. It discusses and describes actually several information regarding the of literary works and its content in the different literary periods, such as the pre-colonial, and colonial.
2. Analyze the structure of the passage by identifying all the main ideas.
The passage solely focuses on discussing Philippine Literature in a kind of more specific manner. The author introduced very essential components in the text specifically explaining the several literary works of different tribes such as the Negritos, Pagan tribes, Tagbanwas tribes, the moros and the Christians and its elements and characteristics such as the language used and the structures of literary works, which specifically is significant. It also tackles several literary works in the country during pre-colonial and colonial periods such as comedia, corrido, seditious dramas, poetry and a lot for all intents and purposes more which aren't only made to entertain people or to particularly be written just so that other can basically read it, but it generally plays an important role in fighting for what’s right, which kind of is quite significant. Most of these literary works really have symbolic meanings either to show other people the sufferings or difficulties that the Filipino people experience during the course of time or to empower and inspire other people especially those Filipinos who were suffering that whatever they are going through they will be able to overcome it.
Moreover, it was fairly clear that the author emphasized during the end of the passage how language in the country plays an important role in the literary works produced in the different periods of time and by the different tribes of the Philippines. Also, in the end part of the passage, the author specified that literature using several languages that were used in the past such as Tagalog, Bisaya, Spanish and Ilokan can only be answered by the future, whether it could thrive and therefore produce real literature. Clearly, during those times, there were restrictions on the literature produced by local writers because of the government or colonizers, thus, some of the writers may be uninspired and unimaginative because of the limitations. Furthermore, the text’s structure is descriptive as it was evident during the entirety of the text, that it describes and expounds Philippine Literature.
3. Has the article been presented clearly, accurately, with order and coherence? Why?
The author divided the content of its passage into different parts to explain the content of the passage more understandable for the readers. The author first discussed the different tribes that can mostly be found in the Philippine Islands and introduced the different kinds of literary works that specifically were made by those tribes. The author then expounded the elements and characteristics that were used in the literary works such as the languages, format, and its contents. and some other literary pieces such as dramas, poetry and some other compositions that were made in the different very literary periods, which is quite significant in the Philippine Literature. He also explained the different very literary works that require the use of different languages. And lastly, the author emphasized the importance of language and the different languages used in the different literary works.
Furthermore, the article was presented clearly since the author used words that are simple to comprehend making its content is understandable, accurately in the sense that the author basically uses different reliable references as a basis in the content of the passage to discuss Philippine Culture more specific and precisely and with order and coherence in a way that the idea and content was arranged and literally explained well through dividing the passage into different parts.
4. How is Philippine Literature presented by the author?
The author presented the pretty Philippine literature in the passage by introducing the several tribes that can be found in the Philippines during the different literary periods such as the Pagan tribe, Tagbanwas, Moros and Christians, which essentially is quite significant. All these tribes except for the Negritos literally speak languages that for all are in the same linguistic family, specifically Malayo-Polynesian or Indonesian, however, every tribe has their own specific language. For pagan tribes, most particularly literary works definitely were in written form and possessed very native alphabets. Palawan’s Tagbanwas and Mindoro’s Mangyan also possess native alphabets and some of their literary works are in roman letters or in religious characters.
The Mohammedan Tribes or the moros specifically uses the Arabic alphabet in writing their manuscripts and most of their writings essentially were historical annals, legends, genealogies of the datos or moros, based on the Arabic law and the quran or commentaries of hadith, mohammed and its orations. Moros is mostly spoken mainly in the domains of the Sultan of Sulu. Christians, on the other hand, use fairly several local languages and dialects and despite the use of different languages of the Christian tribe they still generally have the same characteristics and customs which form and unite people, despite the differences. Most local languages used by the Christian Tribe in making their literary works are: Bisaya, Tagalog, Ilokan, Bikol, Pangasinan, Pampanga, Ibanag, Kuyo, Zambal, Batan and Kalamian. It basically was also evident in the passage that most literary works produced by Filipino authors were basically religious works, which particularly is not new for us, knowing that Spaniards colonized us and introduced Christianity in 1565 at Cebu. Most of these religious works regarding the literary period specifically were written by various missionaries or religious edifications of different tribes, or so they actually thought.
5. Discuss the significant developments in the history of Philippine Literature from pre-colonial to colonial periods according to Blake.
From the literary works produced by the tribes in the country such as the Negritos, Pagan tribe, Moros and Christians, the Philippine literature evolved overtime. During the precolonial period, most literary works where either distributed through the word-of-mouth or written in manuscripts that uses the ancient or roman alphabets. Most works are based on old readings and is mostly about religious edification of the different tribes.
When the Spaniards colonized the Philippines and later on introduced Christianity to the country, most of the literary works were about religious personas which consist of catechism, Christian doctrine, saints, sermons, novenas and many more. In fact, the Christian tribes have the biggest population and high degree civilization, thus, making Christians important element in native population. Majorities of the works written are at least five-sixth of a religious character written by the friars and edification of their flocks. Most literary works produced by the Christian tribe uses the ancient alphabet or the roman alphabet.
Filipinos are also fond of poetry, in fact, Filipinos back then produced proverbs and riddles in poetic form. In addition, most poetries during these times are made with same number of syllables and ends the lines in the same stanza and should have assonance. Also, its final syllables must have the same vowels. The second to religious writings is corrido or known as the metrical romances in octosyllabic which is another form of poetry but in ballad. Comedias or dramatic production were also produced to reflect the struggles of the Filipino against Moro neighbors in the south. The most favorite theme of comedia is a contest of for supremacy between Christian and moro, in which Christians are always victorious. After the American conquest, seditious dramas and lyric poetry were produced. The corridos and dramas are borrowed poetry but the lyric poetry isn’t, and is also referred to as the germ of literature in narrower sense. Lyric poetry is a mixture of both spoken and written poetry, mostly in Tagalog, and is short, epigrammatic, & consist of one stanza with three to four lines.
Newspapers and periodicals were published in the principal languages Tagalog, Bisaya and Ilokan and sometimes written or translated into Spanish. Portion of the new testament and the gospel were also translated into principal languages. Medical works which are usually in practical character and a few of legal treatise are also found in different local languages. One famous Filipino treatise is the story of ‘Si Tandang Basio,’ which instills to the mind of Filipinos that it is better for them not to learn Spanish or attempt to become civilized and that the more ignorant a Filipino was, the happier he would be. And lastly, although most of the authors during the colonial period are Spanish, there were also notable Filipino authors such as: Francisco Balagtas who wrote Florante at Laura, Mariano perfecto, who composed fifty Bisaya works on religious subjects and Joaquin Tuason who wrote twenty works in Tagalog also of a religious character.
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